Expansion of the Ayyubid Sultan Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub in buying the Mamluks, and used them against his rivals in the Ayyubid Syria, and to dwell with him in the middle of the island of Rawda Neil Smahmm Mamluk Cairo and the proportion of marine Skinthm in a "sea of the Nile," or perhaps because they came from behind the sea. After Salih Ayyub died during the Seventh Crusade against Egypt, led by Louis IX of France in 1249, a monument Mamluks widow Shajar al-Durr Queen of Egypt. And when he protested Iiobie Sham on installing Shajar al-Durr Sultan of the country and refused to recognize its authority and followed by the Abbasid Caliph Musta'sim God in Baghdad under the pretext she was a woman, she married Shajar al-Durr of Aybak a prince of the deceased husband, Salih Ayyub, which he was atabak Army (Commander year), and gave up his throne, moving power to the Mamluks, launched the Mamluk state marine, with the objection Alaepolln in Damascus, and after that still ended the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, the Mongols and the entry of the region.
Prince of Persia religion Aqtay Jamdar was submitted by the Bahri Mamluks, but the Sultan Aybak was murdered in the castle of the mountain in cooperation with the Mamluks and chief Sayf al-Din Omraih Qtz, after becoming the Aqtay and power of the Mamluks in the streets, he saw the APIC they threaten his throne. Ran a large number of marine Damascus and Kerak and others, fear of the Sultan APIC and stayed there until the Mongols captured the Sham and then returned to Egypt in the reign of Sultan Qtz and joined his army who defeated the Mughal army at the Battle of Ain Goliath history. After the death of Sultan Qtz, who was assassinated after the battle named Goliath on his way to Egypt - possibly in revenge for his involvement in an assassination plot by the sea Fares Aqtay debt - styled Prince Corner Din Baybars Bunduqdari power over the country and the title of Sultan Zahir Baybars. And in his reign became the Sham and the other part of the Mamluk Empire, and revived the Abbasid caliphate in Cairo, the capital of the Mamluk Slatinha giving religious legitimacy and fought many wars against Baybars Asalbeyen and Mongols and defeated them and established political relations with the Mongol Golden Horde, who converted to Islam and managed to destroy the unity of the Mongols in the killing. And therefore it is considered the actual founder of the Mamluk Empire.
Mamluk State Marine sentenced to a year in 1250 and the year in 1381 and followed by the Mamluk state tower (Mamluk Circassians), which is an extension of the Mamluk state navy.
Mamluk playing a major role in the history of the Middle East for decades and fought the Crusaders and the Mongols and were able to protect the Muslim world from grave dangers almost swept it not for the tenacity. And was able to Sultan Qalawun liberalization of Tripoli from the hands of the Crusaders and his son al-Ashraf Salah Eddin Khalil liberalization of the coast of Syria and the opening of Acre in Palestine in 1291 and the subsequent liberalization of many cities and castles such as Beirut and Sidon, and photos of the castle and the Roman.
In the Mamluk period developed economic and cultural life and arts and architecture are still many gimmick and their mosques and schools remain in Egypt and the Levant. The reign of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad from the Golden Age of Mamluk state as a result of political stability and economic growth and the huge construction activity.
Completed the Mamluk Empire after the conquest of the Ottomans on Egypt and the Middle East in 1516, turning Egypt, Syria, and others to the states control of the Ottoman Istanbul after the independence enjoyed for decades during the era of the Mamluk Empire.
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موضوع: مقدمة تاريخ المماليك كلام مهم 
الخميس 26 أغسطس 2010 - 10:37
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